Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children [Consult Child Psychiatrist In Patna]

14 Mar Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children [Consult Child Psychiatrist In Patna]

Want to know everything about autism spectrum disorder in children? Stick with us to the end!

Imagine a world where sounds are very loud, a soft touch feels rough, and connecting with others is hard to understand.

For children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), this is their real life.

One in 36 kids has this condition, which is complex and often misunderstood.

When someone has autism spectrum disorder then its symptoms start showing in them science their childhood.

Some children even show symptoms of ASD within the first 12 months of their life.

Autism can last throughout one’s lifetime but some symptoms may improve over time.

Hence, it is important to find out at an early age whether someone is suffering from ASD or not as it might help them to improve their condition if treated properly.

In this blog, we will explore autism spectrum disorder in children—looking at its signs, strengths, and challenges—to help you support these amazing young people.

If you’re in Patna, Bihar, and seeking professional guidance, consulting a child psychiatrist in Patna for ASD treatment can be a crucial step toward getting the right support for your child.

What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically appears in early childhood, often before the age of three.

ASD is characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and restricted or repetitive behaviors and interests.

Moreover, ASD is called a “spectrum” disorder because it manifests differently in each child, ranging from mild to severe, and no two children with autism are exactly alike.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) learn that they have both strong points and difficulties, with each child being unique.

Some may have trouble communicating, making friends, or may show repetitive behaviors.

On the other hand, some may have excellent memory, musical talent, or math skills.

Key Features of Autism Spectrum Disorder In Children

Autism Spectrum Disorder features vary widely among individuals, reflecting the “spectrum” nature of the disorder.

Children with ASD show these traits in different amounts and mixes.

Difficulty in Social Interaction

• Trouble with comprehending and interpreting social signals, like a tone of voice or a facial expression
• A limited interest in making friends or participating in a group
• An inability to understand personal space and boundaries
• Prefers to play by oneself than together with others.

Repetitive Actions and Rigid Routines

• Repetitive movements like hand flapping, rocking, or spinning
• To follow strict routines and becomes very upset when this routine is disturbed
• Monologue, which repeats a specific word, phrase, or pattern of speech (echolalia)
• Obsession to hold on to a few specific objects or toys

Sensitivity to Sensory Stimuli

• Over- or underreaction to sounds or sights, textures, or even odors
• Dislike for particular fabrics, some food textures, or loud environments
• Some are fascinated with particular sensory stimuli such as spinning items or flickering lights.

Problems with Speech and Communication

• Late development in terms of speech, or still completely mute
• Not-so-normal speech or patterns, ie, a monotone voice or robotic tone
• Difficulty in understanding sarcasm, jokes, or figurative language
• Prefers non-verbal communication (pointing or gestures) to speaking words

Narrow but Deep Attention on Interests

• An in-depth interest is concentrated on a few topics, dinosaurs and numbers could be some of them, or trains.
• By head, can express for long periods in favorites but then unable to speak during general conversations.
• Amazing memory skills in the subject of interest.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) shows the different ways people see and interact with the world.

Although many people with ASD have difficulties with social communication, repeat behaviors, and sensitivity to sensory experiences, it is also important to see the special strengths and skills that many of them have.

Prevalence and Statistics of Autism Spectrum Disorder In Children

In India, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects an estimated 1 in 100 children, according to recent studies.

However, due to limited awareness, underdiagnosis, and lack of access to diagnostic services, the actual prevalence may be higher.

Urban areas report more cases than rural regions, reflecting disparities in healthcare access.

Boys are diagnosed 3-4 times more frequently than girls.

Early diagnosis remains a challenge, with many children identified only after age 4.

Increased awareness campaigns and initiatives by Pratap Neuro & Child Psychiatry cum Daycare Deaddiction Center, aim to improve screening and support for children with ASD, addressing gaps in care and inclusion.

You should also know: Life With Autism Spectrum Disorder – How Autism Affects Daily Life!

Common Misconceptions About ASD 

Despite an increase in awareness, some misconceptions about autism remain. Such myths propagate stigma and misunderstanding.

Here are some of the more persistent myths and their truths:

Misconception: Children with autism don’t feel emotions.

Real Facts: Children with ASD feel every emotion in their very being just like other humans.

It may be just that they express their feelings in ways that may not be understood by others or find it hard to communicate through speech.

Misconception: All autistic children behave in the same manner.

Real Facts: Autism is a condition on a very wide spectrum; these children, therefore, exhibit very different symptoms with very different degrees of severity.

Some may be non-verbal, while others may even speak fluently but have difficulty using that skill for social interaction.

Misconception: Vaccines cause autism.

Real Facts: Scientific study has rejected this assertion utterly.

There is no credible evidence linking vaccines with the causation of autism.

It originated from a fraudulent study, now thoroughly discredited.

Misconception: Children with autism cannot live independently.

Real Facts: Some with ASD require lifelong support; most can, however, live independently, have jobs, and enter into satisfying relationships, especially with early intervention and proper support.

Misconception: ASD Only Affects Children

Real Facts: ASD is a lifelong condition. While symptoms may change over time, adults with ASD continue to experience its effects.

Greater awareness and support are needed to address the challenges faced by adults on the spectrum.

Symptoms Of Autism Spectrum Disorder In Children

The signs of autism spectrum disorder in children may appear in very early childhood and have great variance in expression among individuals.

Recognition of these signs at the earliest possible moment allows parents or caregivers to obtain support and intervention within the appropriate time.

Signs Of An Autistic Child At Age 2

• Avoids or rarely makes eye contact during interactions.
• Does not respond when their name is called, despite normal hearing.
• May not speak or has limited vocabulary compared to peers.
• Engages in repetitive actions like hand-flapping, rocking, or spinning.
• Fixates on specific toys, objects, or parts of objects (e.g., spinning wheels on a car).
• Socially unable to direct attention: show, point, or share interest in an object.

Signs Of An Autistic Child At Age 3-5 Years

• Inability to understand feelings and social cues
• Odd attachments to objects: for instance, always carrying the same toy
• Resistant to change: One schedule change causes great frustration for the child
• Repetitive language or economy of words to hold a conversation
• The child prefers solitary play over being included in group activities.

Signs of Autism in School-Age Children in School Age

• Struggle to create friendships or team play
• Difficulty with real-life problem solving and abstract thought
• Highly focused on the least of topics to the point that interests override others
• Sensory issues: intolerance to loud sounds and strong smells
• Struggles to understand jokes, sarcasm, or idioms

If you suspect your child has Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or has already been diagnosed, seeking the right professionals for treatment and support is crucial.

What Are The 3 Main Causes Of Autism?

The causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children are not fully understood, but studies show it may come from a mix of genetic, biological, and environmental factors.

Here are some possible causes of autism spectrum disorder in children:

Genetics

• Family history of autism increases the possibility for the child to develop autism spectrum disorder.
• Certain mutations or variations in genes have been identified to confer risk for autism.
• Some causes of autism may be associated with syndromes like Fragile X or Rett syndrome.
• Studies have been reported that show a higher prevalence of both identical twins diagnosed with autism than among fraternal twins, indicating a strong genetic component.

Biological factors

• Differences in brains and other functions of the brain could also help consolidate autism.
• Differences in the normal physiologic development of the brain, with both variation in connectivity and volume, have been shown in children with ASD.
• Some researchers have also proposed that an imbalance of serotonin and dopamine (neurotransmitters) could occur in people with autism, which are related to communication and regulating mood.

Environmental Influences

• There are a few pre- and perinatal risk factors that can also contribute to the development of ASD.
• Exposure to toxins, heavy metals, or environmental pollution during pregnancy may increase risk.
• A little increase in risk is associated with maternal infection, such as rubella or viral viruses, during pregnancy.
• Also related to birth complications such as deprivation of oxygen.

While the exact causes of ASD remain unclear, ongoing research continues to shed light on the factors that contribute to its development.

If you have concerns about your child’s development, consult child psychiatrist in patna bihar for guidance and evaluation.

Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder In Children

A full assessment needs to be done by a team of experts, including doctors for children, mental health specialists, and brain doctors.

Since autism is different for each person, it needs ongoing testing and watching.

Here are the steps:

Developmental Screening

• Pediatricians address developmental milestones during routine check-ups. They will ask the parent questions regarding the child’s social behaviors, communication skills, and play activities.
• Pediatricians typically conduct screenings at 18 and 24 months, but they may conduct them earlier if concerns arise.
• They would utilize the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and others to screen for possible early warning signs of autism.

Overall Evaluation

• If the screening is positive for early signs of autism, the specialists will proceed with a comprehensive evaluation of that individual.
• Communication, behavior, and cognitive skills are assessed by neurologists, psychologists, and speech therapists.
• It could occur in people with autism. Parents and caregivers contribute detailed information regarding the child-child’s behavior development in 2 interviews held at an interval of 6 months to 1 year or more.

Diagnostic Instruments and Norms

• Standardized the tools employed by professionals, i.e., the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), were to assess social interaction and communication.
• Criteria for ASD- to illustrate, the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) assists in ascertaining if a child meets a clinical definition for autism.
• Another option would be a complete physical examination to exclude other diseases that can produce the same symptoms.

Finding problems early gives a chance to help the child grow and develop normally.

Early help programs focus on communication, social skills, and behavior management, and many children see big improvements with quick support.

Treatment For Autism Spectrum Disorder In Children

There is no cure for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but early and tailored interventions can significantly improve a child’s development, communication, and quality of life.

Autism spectrum disorder treatment is multidisciplinary and focuses on addressing the child’s unique strengths and challenges.

The treatment of autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents are the following…

Behavioral Therapy

• This involves a specific kind of therapy called Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), which is a common treatment for encouraging positive behaviors and discouraging difficult behavior.
• It promotes social behaviors and teaches ways to cope with challenging emotions.
• Helps children to get used to new environments and changes in routines.

Speech Therapy

• Supports language development and assists a child with ASD in improving communication skills.
• Encourages the use of alternative communication options such as sign language or picture exchange systems (PECS) to help non-verbal children communicate better.
• Teaches children how to read and use social cues when interacting with others.

Occupational Therapy (OT)

• Occupational therapy aims particularly at the improvement of sensory issues, refinement of motor skills, and mastery of ADLs while fostering independence in dressing, eating, and writing among children.
• Therapists can also use this form of therapy to remedy the particular sensory integration challenges that an individual child has pertaining to style and texture of touch or sound.

Social Skills Training

Teaches children how to interact with others and navigate social situations.

Focus Areas:

• Understanding social cues, such as facial expressions and body language.
• Practicing conversation skills and making friends.
• Group therapy sessions to practice social interactions in a supportive setting.

The Diversity in Special Education Programs

• Schools would offer individualized education programs or IEPs for children who are on the spectrum. This program includes the use of visual supports, structured schedules, and tactile learning benefits from the teacher.
• Clinicians should also train these children in social and ability skills and include themselves in the process of validating their capabilities in interacting with each other.

Medications

• Although there are no medications for autism specifically, there is medicine that would help in general anxiety, aggression, or hyperactivity. Antidepressants would be indicated for anxiety and mood fluctuations, stimulants could be put in place for attention and focus.
• The team would evaluate each child on a case-to-case basis with these therapies, and the common practice is to institute behavioral therapies while the child is on medication.

Parent and Caregiver Training

Equips parents and caregivers with strategies to support their child’s development and manage challenging behaviors.

Focus Areas:

• Learning ABA techniques to use at home.
• Understanding sensory needs and creating a supportive environment.
• Building communication and social skills through play and daily activities.

Using different therapies, school help, and family support can assist children with autism in learning skills, facing challenges, and enjoying their lives.

To get a proper treatment in a professional vision, you must visit the best Autism Treatment Center in Patna.

Coping Strategies for Autism Spectrum Disorder In Children

Raising an autistic child comes with its own set of daunting challenges.

Parents and caregivers often face unique stressors, but with the right strategies, they can build resilience and create a supportive environment for their child and themselves.

Here are some practical coping strategies:

1. Learn About ASD: Understand autism to better meet your child’s needs and speak up for them.
2. Find Support: Join groups with other parents and professionals for help and advice.
3. Take Care of Yourself: Make sure to rest, enjoy hobbies, and relax to stay healthy.
4. Make Routines: Set up regular schedules to help reduce stress for you and your child.
5. Use Behavior Techniques: Learn ways like giving rewards to handle difficult behaviors.
6. Support Your Child: Work with schools and therapists to make sure your child gets the right help.
7. Celebrate Strengths: Acknowledge your child’s special skills and progress, no matter how small.
8. Handle Stress: Use mindfulness, writing, or therapy to deal with emotional challenges.
9. Take Breaks: Get help from others to rest and avoid feeling overwhelmed.
10. Connect with Your Child: Spend time doing fun activities together to strengthen your relationship.

Self-Care for Parents

• Be part of a support network with other moms and dads who understand the burden of raising an ASD child well.
• Consult a psychologist or other professionals on how to better manage certain behaviors in various situations.
• Scheduled time need to have certain part of the day to relax, exercise, and cultivate personal hobbies to offset burnout.
• Inform family and caregivers about autism so that home support can be maximized.

Parenting a child with ASD can be demanding, but with the right strategies, you can create a balanced and fulfilling life for your family.

By prioritizing self-care, seeking support, and focusing on your child’s strengths, you can navigate challenges and celebrate the joys of raising a child with autism.

FAQs

These ASD FAQs provide a starting point for understanding autism and navigating the journey of raising a child with ASD.

If you have specific concerns, consult a healthcare professional or autism specialist for personalized guidance.

1. At What Age Do Children Start Showing ASD?

Children can start showing signs of ASD as early as 12-18 months. Common early signs include delayed speech, limited eye contact, lack of response to their name, and repetitive behaviors.

Doctors often make diagnoses by age 2-3, but some children, especially those with milder symptoms, may receive a diagnosis later.

2. Is Speech Delay Related to ASD?

Yes, speech delay is a common early sign of ASD. However, not all children with speech delays have autism.

Other conditions, such as hearing loss or language disorders, can also cause speech delays.

A specialist needs to conduct a thorough evaluation to determine the cause.

3. Do Children with ASD Laugh?

Yes, children with ASD can laugh, but their laughter may differ from neurotypical children.

They might laugh at unusual times or in response to stimuli that others don’t find funny.

Some children with ASD may also have difficulty understanding humor or social cues related to laughter.

4. How Can You Prevent ASD in Your Child?

There is no known way to prevent ASD, as its causes are largely genetic and biological.

However, maintaining a healthy pregnancy (e.g., avoiding alcohol, smoking, and certain medications) and ensuring early intervention if developmental concerns arise can help support your child’s development.

5. Can Anyone Lead a Normal Life With ASD?

Yes, many individuals with ASD can lead fulfilling and independent lives with the right support.

Early intervention, therapy, and accommodations can help them develop skills, manage challenges, and achieve their goals.

Success looks different for everyone, and many people with ASD thrive in their own unique ways.

6. How Late Can Autism Develop?

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition present from early childhood, but symptoms may become more noticeable as children grow older, especially in social situations.

While autism does not “develop” later in life, some individuals may not receive a diagnosis until adolescence or adulthood, particularly if symptoms are mild or masked.